/* -------------------------------------------------
   Design system
-------------------------------------------------- */

:root {
    --background: #f7f6f1;
    --surface: #ffffff;
    --navy: #10263f;
    --navy-light: #28415d;
    --blue: #3867d6;
    --blue-dark: #274ba5;
    --violet: #7357a8;
    --muted-blue: #dfe8fa;
    --muted-violet: #ebe5f4;
    --line: #d9dde4;
    --text: #24364a;
    --muted-text: #627083;

    --serif:
        Georgia,
        "Times New Roman",
        serif;

    --sans:
        Inter,
        -apple-system,
        BlinkMacSystemFont,
        "Segoe UI",
        Helvetica,
        Arial,
        sans-serif;

    --container: 1180px;
}


/* -------------------------------------------------
   Reset and global styles
-------------------------------------------------- */

* {
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
    scroll-padding-top: 100px;
}

body {
    margin: 0;
    background: var(--background);
    color: var(--text);
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 17px;
    line-height: 1.75;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

img,
svg {
    display: block;
    max-width: 100%;
}

a {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
}

button {
    font: inherit;
}

.container {
    width: min(calc(100% - 48px), var(--container));
    margin: 0 auto;
}


/* -------------------------------------------------
   Typography
-------------------------------------------------- */

h1,
h2,
h3,
p {
    margin-top: 0;
}

h1,
h2 {
    color: var(--navy);
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: -0.035em;
}

h1 {
    max-width: 980px;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
    font-size: clamp(3.5rem, 8vw, 7.5rem);
    line-height: 0.96;
}

h2 {
    max-width: 700px;
    margin-bottom: 28px;
    font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 5vw, 4.8rem);
    line-height: 1.02;
}

h3 {
    color: var(--navy);
    font-size: 1.35rem;
    line-height: 1.3;
}

.eyebrow {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    color: var(--blue-dark);
    font-size: 0.76rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.17em;
    line-height: 1.4;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.section-number {
    margin-bottom: 45px;
    color: var(--violet);
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-style: italic;
}


/* -------------------------------------------------
   Navigation
-------------------------------------------------- */

.site-header {
    position: sticky;
    z-index: 1000;
    top: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(16, 38, 63, 0.1);
    background: rgba(247, 246, 241, 0.92);
    backdrop-filter: blur(18px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(18px);
}

.navigation {
    display: flex;
    min-height: 82px;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 40px;
}

.site-name {
    color: var(--navy);
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.main-navigation {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 28px;
}

.main-navigation a {
    position: relative;
    color: var(--navy-light);
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.main-navigation a::after {
    position: absolute;
    right: 0;
    bottom: -8px;
    left: 0;
    width: 0;
    height: 2px;
    margin: auto;
    background: var(--blue);
    content: "";
    transition: width 180ms ease;
}

.main-navigation a:hover::after,
.main-navigation a:focus-visible::after {
    width: 100%;
}

.menu-button {
    display: none;
    border: 0;
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--navy);
    cursor: pointer;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 700;
}


/* -------------------------------------------------
   Hero
-------------------------------------------------- */

.hero {
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    min-height: calc(100vh - 82px);
    align-items: center;
    overflow: hidden;
    padding: 105px 0 115px;
}

.hero::before {
    position: absolute;
    z-index: -2;
    top: -220px;
    right: -190px;
    width: 650px;
    height: 650px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background:
        radial-gradient(
            circle,
            rgba(115, 87, 168, 0.11) 0%,
            rgba(56, 103, 214, 0.05) 45%,
            transparent 72%
        );
    content: "";
}

.hero-content {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
}

.hero-role {
    max-width: 720px;
    margin-bottom: 42px;
    color: var(--navy-light);
    font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 2vw, 1.5rem);
    font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.hero-introduction {
    display: grid;
    max-width: 1050px;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 55px;
}

.hero-introduction p {
    margin-bottom: 0;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 1.04rem;
}

.hero-actions {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 14px;
    margin-top: 48px;
}

.button {
    display: inline-flex;
    min-height: 52px;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 12px 24px;
    border: 1px solid var(--navy);
    font-size: 0.84rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    transition:
        background 180ms ease,
        color 180ms ease,
        transform 180ms ease;
}

.button:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.button.primary {
    background: var(--navy);
    color: #ffffff;
}

.button.primary:hover {
    background: var(--blue-dark);
}

.button.secondary {
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--navy);
}

.button.secondary:hover {
    background: var(--navy);
    color: #ffffff;
}

.hero-background {
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 10%;
    left: 0;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.waveform {
    width: 100%;
    height: 180px;
    opacity: 0.25;
}

.waveform path {
    fill: none;
    stroke: var(--blue);
    stroke-linecap: round;
    stroke-width: 2;
    vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;
}


/* -------------------------------------------------
   Shared sections
-------------------------------------------------- */

.section {
    padding: 140px 0;
}

.two-column-heading {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 0.95fr 1.05fr;
    align-items: end;
    gap: 100px;
}

.large-description {
    max-width: 630px;
    padding-bottom: 16px;
}

.large-description p {
    margin-bottom: 0;
    color: var(--navy-light);
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 2.7vw, 2.15rem);
    line-height: 1.48;
}


/* -------------------------------------------------
   Population introduction
-------------------------------------------------- */

.population-introduction {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    background: var(--surface);
}


/* -------------------------------------------------
   Research questions
-------------------------------------------------- */

.research-questions {
    padding: 0 0 140px;
    background: var(--surface);
}

.research-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 20px;
}

.research-card {
    min-height: 480px;
    padding: 38px;
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    background: #fbfcfd;
    transition:
        border-color 180ms ease,
        box-shadow 180ms ease,
        transform 180ms ease;
}

.research-card:hover {
    border-color: rgba(56, 103, 214, 0.5);
    box-shadow: 0 20px 50px rgba(16, 38, 63, 0.08);
    transform: translateY(-5px);
}

.highlighted-card {
    background:
        linear-gradient(
            145deg,
            rgba(235, 229, 244, 0.85),
            rgba(223, 232, 250, 0.55)
        );
}

.card-header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 18px;
    margin-bottom: 75px;
}

.card-number {
    color: var(--violet);
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-style: italic;
}

.card-line {
    width: 55px;
    height: 1px;
    background: var(--violet);
}

.research-card h3 {
    min-height: 56px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.research-question {
    margin-bottom: 22px;
    color: var(--blue-dark);
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-style: italic;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.research-card > p:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
    color: var(--muted-text);
    font-size: 0.94rem;
}


/* -------------------------------------------------
   Mid-thirties feature
-------------------------------------------------- */

.feature-section {
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: var(--navy);
    color: #dce5ef;
}

.feature-section h2 {
    color: #ffffff;
}

.feature-section .eyebrow {
    color: #aabff1;
}

.feature-section .section-number {
    color: #bdaee0;
}

.feature-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 0.9fr 1.1fr;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 110px;
}

.feature-content p:last-child {
    max-width: 670px;
    margin-bottom: 0;
    color: #c8d4e0;
    font-size: 1.07rem;
}

.feature-visual {
    position: relative;
    display: grid;
    min-height: 470px;
    place-items: center;
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
    background:
        radial-gradient(
            circle at center,
            rgba(56, 103, 214, 0.24),
            transparent 60%
        );
}

.mass-marker {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 5;
    display: flex;
    align-items: baseline;
    color: #ffffff;
}

.mass-number {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: clamp(7rem, 15vw, 12rem);
    font-weight: 400;
    letter-spacing: -0.08em;
    line-height: 1;
}

.mass-unit {
    margin-left: 16px;
    color: #bdcaea;
    font-size: 1.3rem;
}

.contour {
    position: absolute;
    border: 1px solid rgba(152, 181, 247, 0.26);
    border-radius: 50%;
    transform: rotate(-16deg);
}

.contour-one {
    width: 250px;
    height: 380px;
}

.contour-two {
    width: 360px;
    height: 490px;
}

.contour-three {
    width: 480px;
    height: 610px;
}


/* -------------------------------------------------
   Cosmology
-------------------------------------------------- */

.cosmology-section {
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    background:
        linear-gradient(
            135deg,
            var(--muted-violet),
            var(--muted-blue)
        );
}

.cosmology-section::after {
    position: absolute;
    right: -130px;
    bottom: -260px;
    width: 560px;
    height: 560px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(39, 75, 165, 0.17);
    border-radius: 50%;
    box-shadow:
        0 0 0 75px rgba(39, 75, 165, 0.035),
        0 0 0 150px rgba(39, 75, 165, 0.025);
    content: "";
}


/* -------------------------------------------------
   About
-------------------------------------------------- */

.about-section {
    background: var(--background);
}

.about-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(300px, 0.8fr) 1.2fr;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 110px;
}

.portrait-placeholder {
    display: flex;
    aspect-ratio: 4 / 5;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-direction: column;
    border: 1px solid rgba(16, 38, 63, 0.18);
    background:
        linear-gradient(
            145deg,
            rgba(223, 232, 250, 0.8),
            rgba(235, 229, 244, 0.9)
        );
    color: var(--navy);
}

.portrait-placeholder span {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: clamp(4rem, 10vw, 8rem);
    letter-spacing: -0.08em;
}

.portrait-placeholder p {
    margin: 15px 0 0;
    color: var(--muted-text);
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.15em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.about-content {
    max-width: 670px;
}

.about-content > p:not(.eyebrow, .section-number) {
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 1.02rem;
}

.contact-links {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 24px;
    margin-top: 42px;
}

.contact-links a {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blue);
    color: var(--blue-dark);
    font-size: 0.86rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    transition:
        border-color 180ms ease,
        color 180ms ease;
}

.contact-links a:hover {
    border-color: var(--violet);
    color: var(--violet);
}


/* -------------------------------------------------
   Footer
-------------------------------------------------- */

.site-footer {
    padding: 35px 0;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
    background: #0b1b2d;
    color: #afbdcb;
}

.footer-content {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 30px;
}

.footer-content p {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
}


/* -------------------------------------------------
   Accessibility
-------------------------------------------------- */

a:focus-visible,
button:focus-visible {
    outline: 3px solid rgba(56, 103, 214, 0.45);
    outline-offset: 5px;
}


/* -------------------------------------------------
   Tablet layout
-------------------------------------------------- */

@media (max-width: 960px) {

    .navigation {
        position: relative;
    }

    .menu-button {
        display: block;
    }

    .main-navigation {
        position: absolute;
        top: 82px;
        right: 0;
        left: 0;
        display: none;
        align-items: stretch;
        padding: 18px 24px 26px;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
        background: var(--background);
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 0;
    }

    .main-navigation.open {
        display: flex;
    }

    .main-navigation a {
        padding: 13px 0;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    }

    .main-navigation a::after {
        display: none;
    }

    .hero {
        min-height: auto;
        padding: 100px 0;
    }

    .hero-introduction,
    .two-column-heading,
    .feature-grid,
    .about-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .hero-introduction {
        gap: 24px;
    }

    .two-column-heading,
    .feature-grid,
    .about-grid {
        gap: 60px;
    }

    .research-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .research-card {
        min-height: auto;
    }

    .card-header {
        margin-bottom: 42px;
    }

    .feature-visual {
        min-height: 390px;
    }

    .portrait-placeholder {
        width: min(100%, 500px);
    }
}


/* -------------------------------------------------
   Mobile layout
-------------------------------------------------- */

@media (max-width: 620px) {

    .container {
        width: min(calc(100% - 32px), var(--container));
    }

    body {
        font-size: 16px;
    }

    .navigation {
        min-height: 72px;
    }

    .site-name {
        font-size: 1rem;
    }

    .main-navigation {
        top: 72px;
    }

    .hero {
        padding: 78px 0 85px;
    }

    h1 {
        font-size: clamp(3rem, 15vw, 4.6rem);
    }

    h2 {
        font-size: clamp(2.35rem, 12vw, 3.5rem);
    }

    .hero-role {
        margin-bottom: 32px;
    }

    .hero-actions {
        align-items: stretch;
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .button {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .section {
        padding: 95px 0;
    }

    .research-questions {
        padding-bottom: 95px;
    }

    .research-card {
        padding: 30px 25px;
    }

    .feature-grid,
    .about-grid,
    .two-column-heading {
        gap: 42px;
    }

    .feature-visual {
        min-height: 310px;
    }

    .mass-number {
        font-size: 7rem;
    }

    .contour-one {
        width: 190px;
        height: 280px;
    }

    .contour-two {
        width: 270px;
        height: 380px;
    }

    .contour-three {
        width: 350px;
        height: 490px;
    }

    .footer-content {
        align-items: flex-start;
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 8px;
    }
}


/* -------------------------------------------------
   Reduced motion
-------------------------------------------------- */

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {

    html {
        scroll-behavior: auto;
    }

    *,
    *::before,
    *::after {
        transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    }
}
/* -------------------------------------------------
   Multipage homepage
-------------------------------------------------- */

.home-hero {
    min-height: calc(100vh - 82px);
}

.home-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.45fr) minmax(280px, 0.55fr);
    align-items: center;
    gap: 80px;
}

.home-content h1 {
    max-width: 900px;
    font-size: clamp(3.7rem, 7vw, 7rem);
}

.home-description {
    max-width: 720px;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 1.08rem;
}

.home-portrait {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: flex-end;
}

.compact-portrait {
    width: min(100%, 390px);
}

.main-navigation a.active {
    color: var(--blue-dark);
}

.main-navigation a.active::after {
    width: 100%;
}

@media (max-width: 960px) {

    .home-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 60px;
    }

    .home-portrait {
        justify-content: flex-start;
    }

    .main-navigation a.active::after {
        display: none;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {

    .home-content h1 {
        font-size: clamp(3rem, 15vw, 4.6rem);
    }

    .home-grid {
        gap: 45px;
    }
}
/* -------------------------------------------------
   Interior pages
-------------------------------------------------- */

.page-main {
    min-height: calc(100vh - 82px);
}

.page-hero {
    padding: 120px 0 90px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    background:
        radial-gradient(
            circle at 80% 35%,
            rgba(115, 87, 168, 0.1),
            transparent 30%
        );
}

.page-hero h1 {
    max-width: 900px;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
    font-size: clamp(4rem, 9vw, 7.5rem);
}

.page-introduction {
    max-width: 760px;
    margin-bottom: 0;
    color: var(--navy-light);
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 2.5vw, 1.8rem);
    line-height: 1.55;
}

.page-content {
    padding: 90px 0 130px;
}

.placeholder-panel {
    max-width: 820px;
    padding: 55px;
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    background: var(--surface);
}

.placeholder-panel h2 {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 4vw, 3.6rem);
}

.placeholder-panel p:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
    color: var(--muted-text);
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {

    .page-hero {
        padding: 85px 0 65px;
    }

    .page-hero h1 {
        font-size: clamp(3.2rem, 17vw, 5rem);
    }

    .page-content {
        padding: 65px 0 90px;
    }

    .placeholder-panel {
        padding: 34px 25px;
    }
}
/* -------------------------------------------------
   Always-visible navigation
-------------------------------------------------- */

@media (max-width: 960px) {

    .navigation {
        min-height: 82px;
        padding: 0;
        flex-wrap: nowrap;
        gap: 24px;
    }

    .site-name {
        flex-shrink: 0;
        font-size: 1rem;
        white-space: nowrap;
    }

    .menu-button {
        display: none;
    }

    .main-navigation {
        position: static;
        display: flex;
        width: auto;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: flex-end;
        padding: 0;
        border: 0;
        background: transparent;
        flex-direction: row;
        gap: 14px;
        overflow-x: auto;
        white-space: nowrap;
    }

    .main-navigation a {
        padding: 0;
        border: 0;
        font-size: 0.72rem;
    }

    .main-navigation a.active {
        color: var(--blue-dark);
    }
}

@media (max-width: 650px) {

    .navigation {
        min-height: auto;
        align-items: flex-start;
        padding: 18px 0 12px;
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 14px;
    }

    .main-navigation {
        width: 100%;
        justify-content: flex-start;
        padding-bottom: 8px;
        gap: 22px;
        scrollbar-width: thin;
    }

    .main-navigation a {
        flex-shrink: 0;
        font-size: 0.78rem;
    }
}
/* -------------------------------------------------
   Homepage portrait
-------------------------------------------------- */

.home-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    justify-items: center;
}

.home-content {
    width: 100%;
}

.home-portrait {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
}

.profile-photo {
    display: block;
    width: min(100%, 380px);
    height: auto;
    border: 1px solid rgba(16, 38, 63, 0.14);
    box-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(16, 38, 63, 0.14);
    object-fit: cover;
}
/* -------------------------------------------------
   Portrait at top of homepage
-------------------------------------------------- */

.home-hero {
    min-height: auto;
    align-items: flex-start;
    padding: 55px 0 100px;
}

.home-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    justify-items: center;
    gap: 42px;
}

.home-portrait {
    order: -1;
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
}

.profile-photo {
    width: min(100%, 260px);
    height: auto;
    border: 1px solid rgba(16, 38, 63, 0.14);
    box-shadow: 0 20px 50px rgba(16, 38, 63, 0.14);
}

.home-content {
    display: flex;
    width: 100%;
    align-items: center;
    flex-direction: column;
    text-align: center;
}

.home-content h1 {
    max-width: 920px;
}

.home-description {
    max-width: 700px;
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {

    .home-hero {
        padding: 38px 0 75px;
    }

    .home-grid {
        gap: 32px;
    }

    .profile-photo {
        width: min(100%, 210px);
    }
}
/* -------------------------------------------------
   Final desktop homepage layout
-------------------------------------------------- */

.home-hero {
    min-height: calc(100vh - 82px);
    align-items: center;
    padding: 70px 0 95px;
}

.home-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(280px, 0.7fr) minmax(0, 1.3fr);
    align-items: center;
    justify-items: stretch;
    gap: 85px;
}

.home-portrait {
    order: -1;
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: flex-end;
}

.profile-photo {
    width: min(100%, 350px);
    height: auto;
    border: 1px solid rgba(16, 38, 63, 0.14);
    box-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(16, 38, 63, 0.16);
}

.home-content {
    display: flex;
    width: 100%;
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
    text-align: left;
}

.home-content h1 {
    max-width: 720px;
    margin-bottom: 26px;
    font-size: clamp(3.7rem, 5.8vw, 6.7rem);
}

.home-content .hero-role {
    max-width: 650px;
    margin-bottom: 28px;
}

.home-description {
    max-width: 640px;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.home-content .hero-actions {
    justify-content: flex-start;
    margin-top: 38px;
}

.home-hero .hero-background {
    bottom: 1%;
}


/* Tablet layout */

@media (max-width: 960px) {

    .home-hero {
        min-height: auto;
        padding: 65px 0 90px;
    }

    .home-grid {
        grid-template-columns: minmax(220px, 0.65fr) minmax(0, 1.35fr);
        gap: 50px;
    }

    .profile-photo {
        width: min(100%, 300px);
    }

    .home-content h1 {
        font-size: clamp(3.2rem, 7vw, 5.2rem);
    }
}


/* Mobile layout */

@media (max-width: 700px) {

    .home-hero {
        padding: 42px 0 75px;
    }

    .home-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        justify-items: center;
        gap: 38px;
    }

    .home-portrait {
        justify-content: center;
    }

    .profile-photo {
        width: min(100%, 240px);
    }

    .home-content {
        align-items: center;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .home-content h1 {
        max-width: 580px;
        font-size: clamp(3rem, 14vw, 4.6rem);
    }

    .home-content .hero-role,
    .home-description {
        max-width: 580px;
    }

    .home-content .hero-actions {
        width: 100%;
        justify-content: center;
    }
}
/* -------------------------------------------------
   Centered homepage identity
-------------------------------------------------- */

.home-portrait {
    display: flex;
    width: 100%;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-direction: column;
    text-align: center;
}

.portrait-role {
    width: 100%;
    margin: 0 0 18px;
    color: var(--navy);
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    line-height: 1.4;
    text-align: center;
}

.profile-photo {
    display: block;
    width: min(100%, 350px);
    height: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
    margin-left: auto;
    border: 1px solid rgba(16, 38, 63, 0.14);
    box-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(16, 38, 63, 0.16);
}
/* -------------------------------------------------
   Align site name with portrait column
-------------------------------------------------- */

@media (min-width: 961px) {

    .navigation {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: minmax(280px, 0.7fr) minmax(0, 1.3fr);
        gap: 85px;
    }

    .site-name {
        width: 100%;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .main-navigation {
        justify-content: flex-end;
    }
}

@media (min-width: 701px) and (max-width: 960px) {

    .navigation {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: minmax(220px, 0.65fr) minmax(0, 1.35fr);
        gap: 50px;
    }

    .site-name {
        width: 100%;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .main-navigation {
        justify-content: flex-end;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {

    .navigation {
        align-items: center;
    }

    .site-name {
        width: 100%;
        text-align: center;
    }
}
/* -------------------------------------------------
   Homepage biography and research question
-------------------------------------------------- */

.home-intro {
    max-width: 680px;
    margin-bottom: 34px;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
}

.question-introduction {
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    color: var(--blue-dark);
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    line-height: 1.5;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.home-content h1 {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.home-content .hero-actions {
    margin-top: 38px;
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {

    .home-intro {
        max-width: 580px;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .question-introduction {
        text-align: center;
    }
}
/* -------------------------------------------------
   Reduce gap below navigation
-------------------------------------------------- */

.home-hero {
    min-height: auto;
    align-items: flex-start;
    padding-top: 32px;
    padding-bottom: 80px;
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {

    .home-hero {
        padding-top: 24px;
        padding-bottom: 65px;
    }
}
/* -------------------------------------------------
   Final homepage sizing and accents
-------------------------------------------------- */

/* Make the research question slightly smaller */

.home-content h1 {
    max-width: 720px;
    font-size: clamp(3.2rem, 4.8vw, 5.4rem);
    line-height: 1;
}


/* Reserve space for the waveform below the content */

.home-hero {
    padding-bottom: 145px;
}

.home-hero .hero-background {
    top: auto;
    bottom: 18px;
}

.home-hero .waveform {
    height: 85px;
}


/* Give both buttons the same appearance */

.home-content .button.secondary {
    border-color: var(--navy);
    background: var(--navy);
    color: #ffffff;
}

.home-content .button.secondary:hover {
    border-color: var(--blue-dark);
    background: var(--blue-dark);
    color: #ffffff;
}


/* Mobile adjustments */

@media (max-width: 700px) {

    .home-content h1 {
        font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 12vw, 4rem);
    }

    .home-hero {
        padding-bottom: 115px;
    }

    .home-hero .waveform {
        height: 70px;
    }
}
/* -------------------------------------------------
   Question-localized waveform
-------------------------------------------------- */

.home-hero {
    padding-bottom: 80px;
}

.research-question-title {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 760px;
    font-size: clamp(3.1rem, 4.4vw, 5rem);
    line-height: 1.02;
}

.research-question-title span {
    display: block;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.question-waveform {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 760px;
    margin-top: 24px;
}

.question-waveform svg {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 72px;
}

.question-waveform path {
    fill: none;
    stroke: var(--blue);
    stroke-linecap: round;
    stroke-width: 2;
    opacity: 0.28;
    vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;
}

.home-content .hero-actions {
    margin-top: 24px;
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {

    .research-question-title {
        font-size: clamp(2.7rem, 11vw, 4rem);
    }

    .research-question-title span {
        white-space: normal;
    }

    .question-waveform {
        max-width: 580px;
        margin-top: 18px;
    }

    .question-waveform svg {
        height: 58px;
    }
}
/* -------------------------------------------------
   Waveform overlaid with research question
-------------------------------------------------- */

.question-visual {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 760px;
    padding: 18px 0;
}

.question-visual .question-waveform {
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 1;
    top: 50%;
    right: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: none;
    margin: 0;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    pointer-events: none;
}

.question-visual .question-waveform svg {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 105px;
}

.question-visual .question-waveform path {
    fill: none;
    stroke: var(--blue);
    stroke-linecap: round;
    stroke-width: 2;
    opacity: 0.2;
    vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;
}

.question-visual .research-question-title {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
    width: 100%;
    margin: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {

    .question-visual {
        max-width: 580px;
        padding: 12px 0;
    }

    .question-visual .question-waveform svg {
        height: 85px;
    }
}
/* -------------------------------------------------
   Waveform spans the full two-line question
-------------------------------------------------- */

.question-visual {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 900px;
    padding: 12px 0;
    overflow: visible;
}

.question-visual .research-question-title {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 900px;
    margin: 0;
    font-size: clamp(3rem, 4vw, 4.7rem);
    line-height: 1.05;
}

.question-visual .research-question-title span {
    display: block;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.question-visual .question-waveform {
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 1;
    inset: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    max-width: none;
    margin: 0;
    overflow: visible;
    transform: none;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.question-visual .question-waveform svg {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    overflow: visible;
    transform: scaleY(2.4);
    transform-origin: center;
}

.question-visual .question-waveform path {
    fill: none;
    stroke: var(--blue);
    stroke-linecap: round;
    stroke-width: 2;
    opacity: 0.14;
    vector-effect: non-scaling-stroke;
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {

    .question-visual {
        max-width: 580px;
    }

    .question-visual .research-question-title {
        max-width: 580px;
        font-size: clamp(2.6rem, 10vw, 3.8rem);
    }

    .question-visual .research-question-title span {
        white-space: normal;
    }

    .question-visual .question-waveform svg {
        transform: scaleY(2);
    }
}
/* -------------------------------------------------
   Footer profile icons
-------------------------------------------------- */

.footer-social {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    gap: 18px;
}

.footer-social a {
    display: inline-flex;
    width: 28px;
    height: 28px;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: #c4d0dc;
    transition:
        color 180ms ease,
        opacity 180ms ease,
        transform 180ms ease;
}

.footer-social a:hover {
    color: #ffffff;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.social-icon {
    display: block;
    width: 24px;
    height: 24px;
}

.inspire-icon,
.orcid-icon {
    width: 25px;
    height: 25px;
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {

    .footer-social {
        justify-content: flex-start;
        margin-top: 8px;
    }
}
.question-visual .question-waveform {
    transform: translateY(14px);
}
/* -------------------------------------------------
   Talks page — compact list
-------------------------------------------------- */

.talks-page .page-hero {
    padding-top: 54px;
    padding-bottom: 42px;
}

.talks-section {
    padding: 42px 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.past-talks-section {
    padding-top: 46px;
}

.talks-section-heading {
    margin-bottom: 24px;
}

.talks-section-heading h2 {
    margin: 5px 0 0;
    color: var(--navy);
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: clamp(2.1rem, 4vw, 3.3rem);
    font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 1.05;
}


/* Upcoming talks */

.empty-talks-message {
    padding: 16px 20px;
    border-left: 3px solid var(--blue);
    background: var(--surface);
}

.empty-talks-message p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--muted-text);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}


/* Past-talk rows */

.talks-list {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.talk-entry {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 125px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 24px;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 15px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.talk-entry time {
    color: var(--blue-dark);
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    line-height: 1.3;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.talk-details {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns:
        minmax(230px, 1.2fr)
        minmax(260px, 1.5fr)
        minmax(120px, 0.5fr);
    gap: 24px;
    align-items: center;
}

.talk-details h3 {
    margin: 0;
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.98rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.35;
}

.talk-details h3 a {
    color: var(--navy);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 180ms ease;
}

.talk-details h3 a:hover {
    color: var(--blue);
}

.talk-location,
.talk-type {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.talk-location {
    color: var(--text);
}

.talk-type {
    color: var(--muted-text);
}


/* Tablet */

@media (max-width: 900px) {

    .talk-entry {
        grid-template-columns: 110px minmax(0, 1fr);
        gap: 18px;
    }

    .talk-details {
        grid-template-columns:
            minmax(190px, 1fr)
            minmax(220px, 1.2fr);
        gap: 5px 20px;
    }

    .talk-type {
        grid-column: 2;
    }
}


/* Mobile */

@media (max-width: 620px) {

    .talks-page .page-hero {
        padding-top: 38px;
        padding-bottom: 34px;
    }

    .talks-section,
    .past-talks-section {
        padding: 36px 0;
    }

    .talk-entry {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 6px;
        padding: 16px 0;
    }

    .talk-details {
        display: block;
    }

    .talk-details h3 {
        margin-bottom: 5px;
    }

    .talk-location,
    .talk-type {
        margin-top: 3px;
    }
}
@media (min-width: 961px) {
    .talks-page .page-hero h1,
    .talks-section-heading h2 {
        width: calc((100% - 85px) * 0.35);
        max-width: none;
        text-align: center;
    }
}

@media (min-width: 701px) and (max-width: 960px) {
    .talks-page .page-hero h1,
    .talks-section-heading h2 {
        width: calc((100% - 50px) * 0.325);
        max-width: none;
        text-align: center;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {
    .talks-page .page-hero h1,
    .talks-section-heading h2 {
        width: 100%;
        max-width: none;
        text-align: center;
    }
}
.page-main .page-hero h1 {
    font-size: clamp(3.5rem, 6vw, 5.5rem);
}
/* -------------------------------------------------
   Publications page
-------------------------------------------------- */

.publications-page .page-hero {
    padding-top: 54px;
    padding-bottom: 42px;
}

.publications-section {
    padding: 54px 0;
}

.collaboration-publications {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.publications-section h2 {
    max-width: 900px;
    margin-bottom: 28px;
    font-size: clamp(2rem, 3.5vw, 3.3rem);
}

.publication-list {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
    counter-reset: publications var(--publication-start);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.publication-entry {
    position: relative;
    display: grid;

    grid-template-columns:
        minmax(0, 1.5fr)
        minmax(0, 1.2fr)
        minmax(0, 0.8fr)
        210px;

    gap: 22px;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 20px 0 20px 44px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    counter-increment: publications -1;
}

.publication-links {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    gap: 8px;
}

.publication-entry::before {
    position: absolute;
    top: 21px;
    left: 0;
    color: var(--blue-dark);
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    content: counter(publications);
}

.publication-entry h3,
.publication-entry p {
    margin: 0;
}

.publication-entry h3 {
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.publication-authors,
.publication-journal {
    font-size: 0.86rem;
    line-height: 1.45;
}

.publication-authors {
    color: var(--text);
}

.publication-journal {
    color: var(--muted-text);
}

.publication-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: 8px;
}

.publication-links a {
    padding: 6px 10px;
    border: 1px solid var(--navy);
    color: var(--navy);
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition:
        color 180ms ease,
        background 180ms ease;
}

.publication-links a:hover {
    color: #ffffff;
    background: var(--navy);
}

@media (max-width: 1000px) {

    .publication-entry {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    }

    .publication-links {
        justify-content: flex-start;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {

    .publications-page .page-hero {
        padding-top: 38px;
        padding-bottom: 34px;
    }

    .publications-section {
        padding: 42px 0;
    }

    .publication-entry {
        display: block;
        padding: 22px 0 22px 38px;
    }

    .publication-entry h3,
    .publication-authors,
    .publication-journal,
    .publication-links {
        margin-bottom: 10px;
    }

    .publication-links {
        margin-bottom: 0;
    }
}
/* Match Talks alignment with Publications */

.talks-page .page-hero h1 {
    width: auto;
    max-width: 900px;
    text-align: left;
}

.talks-section-heading h2 {
    width: auto;
    max-width: 900px;
    text-align: left;
}
.publication-profile-links {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
    margin-top: -10px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.publication-profile-links a {
    padding: 8px 13px;
    border: 1px solid var(--navy);
    color: var(--navy);
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition:
        color 180ms ease,
        background 180ms ease;
}

.publication-profile-links a:hover {
    color: #ffffff;
    background: var(--navy);
}
.portrait-roles {
    width: 100%;
    margin-bottom: 18px;
    text-align: center;
}

.portrait-roles .portrait-role {
    margin: 0;
}

.portrait-roles .portrait-role + .portrait-role {
    margin-top: 4px;
}
/* -------------------------------------------------
   CV page
-------------------------------------------------- */

.cv-page .page-hero {
    padding-top: 54px;
    padding-bottom: 42px;
}

.cv-page .page-hero h1 {
    margin-bottom: 28px;
}

.cv-actions {
    display: flex;
    gap: 14px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.cv-document {
    padding: 54px 0 80px;
}

.cv-frame {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 1100px;
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    background: var(--surface);
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {

    .cv-page .page-hero {
        padding-top: 38px;
        padding-bottom: 34px;
    }
}
/* =========================================================
   Contact page
   ========================================================= */

.contact-section {
    padding-top: 60px;
    padding-bottom: 90px;
}

.contact-details {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 70px;
    max-width: 950px;
}

.contact-block h2 {
    margin: 0 0 20px;
    color: var(--navy);
    font-family: var(--heading-font);
    font-size: 2.25rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.contact-block address,
.contact-block p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    font-style: normal;
    line-height: 1.8;
}

.contact-block p + p {
    margin-top: 6px;
}

.contact-block a {
    color: var(--blue);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.contact-block a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}


@media (max-width: 700px) {

    .contact-section {
        padding-top: 42px;
        padding-bottom: 65px;
    }

    .contact-details {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 42px;
    }

}
/* =========================================================
   Research page
   ========================================================= */

.research-theme {
    padding: 72px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.research-theme-alternate {
    background:
        radial-gradient(
            circle at 82% 25%,
            rgba(91, 117, 224, 0.08),
            transparent 30%
        );
}

.research-theme-content {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 55px minmax(0, 900px);
    gap: 30px;
}

.research-theme-number {
    margin: 10px 0 0;
    color: var(--blue);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
}

.research-theme-text h2,
.earlier-research h2 {
    margin: 0 0 30px;
    color: var(--navy);
    font-family: var(--heading-font);
    font-size: clamp(2.3rem, 4.3vw, 4rem);
    font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 1.08;
}

.research-theme-text p,
.earlier-research p {
    max-width: 850px;
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
}

.research-theme-text p + p {
    margin-top: 20px;
}


/* Research figures */

.research-figure {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 900px;
    margin: 42px 0 0;
}

.research-figure img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    padding: 10px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.research-figure-tall {
    max-width: 760px;
}

.research-figure figcaption {
    max-width: 850px;
    margin-top: 14px;
    color: var(--muted-text);
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
}

.research-figure figcaption a {
    color: var(--navy);
    text-decoration-color: rgba(12, 33, 55, 0.35);
    text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

.research-figure figcaption a:hover {
    color: var(--blue);
}

.research-figure figcaption cite {
    font-style: italic;
}


/* Earlier research */

.earlier-research {
    padding: 72px 0 90px;
}

.earlier-research-content {
    max-width: 985px;
}

.earlier-research h2 {
    font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 3.7vw, 3.4rem);
}


/* Mobile research layout */

@media (max-width: 700px) {

    .research-theme {
        padding: 50px 0;
    }

    .research-theme-content {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 15px;
    }

    .research-theme-number {
        margin-top: 0;
    }

    .research-theme-text h2,
    .earlier-research h2 {
        margin-bottom: 24px;
    }

    .research-theme-text p,
    .earlier-research p {
        font-size: 1rem;
        line-height: 1.7;
    }

    .research-figure {
        margin-top: 30px;
    }

    .research-figure img {
        padding: 5px;
    }

    .research-figure figcaption {
        font-size: 0.78rem;
        line-height: 1.5;
    }

    .earlier-research {
        padding: 50px 0 70px;
    }

}
/* Contact details: two-column layout */

.contact-details {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.3fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 80px;
    align-items: start;
    max-width: 1050px;
}

.contact-block address {
    font-style: normal;
}

.contact-block h2 {
    margin-top: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {

    .contact-details {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 42px;
    }

}